Izinto ezintsonkothileyo, ezinje ngokukhula kwemfuno yamandla kwihlabathi liphela, ukuguquguquka kwexabiso leoyile kunye neengxaki zemozulu, ziye zanyanzela amazwe amaninzi ukuba enze umkhwa wokuguqula imveliso nokusetyenziswa kwamandla. Iinkampani zeoyile zamazwe ngamazwe bezizama ukuba phambili kushishino, kodwa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuguqula i-carbon ephantsi kweenkampani zeoyile zahlukile: Iinkampani zaseYurophu ziphuhlisa ngamandla amandla omoya angaphandle, i-photovoltaic, i-hydrogen kunye namanye amandla avuselelekayo, ngelixa iinkampani zaseMelika zandisa ulwakhiwo lokubamba nokugcina ikhabhoni (CCS) kunye nezinye iiteknoloji zekhabhoni ezimbi, kwaye iindlela ezahlukeneyo ekugqibeleni ziya kuguqulwa zibe bubomi namandla okuguqula i-carbon ephantsi. Ukususela ngo-2022, iinkampani ezinkulu zeoyile zamazwe ngamazwe zenze izicwangciso ezintsha ngokusekelwe kukwanda okukhulu kwenani lokuthengwa kweshishini lekhabhoni ephantsi kunye neeprojekthi zotyalo-mali ngqo kunyaka ophelileyo.
Ukuphuhlisa amandla e-hydrogen kuye kwaba yinto evunywa ziinkampani ezinkulu zeoyile zamazwe ngamazwe.
Yindawo ebalulekileyo nenzima yokuguqulwa kwamandla othutho, kwaye ipetroli yothutho ecocekileyo nengenakhabhoni incinci iba sisitshixo sokuguqulwa kwamandla. Njengendawo ebalulekileyo yokuqala yokuguqulwa kothutho, amandla e-hydrogen axatyiswa kakhulu ziinkampani zeoyile zamazwe ngamazwe.
NgoJanuwari kulo nyaka, iTotal Energy ibhengeze ukuba iza kusebenzisana neenkampani zamandla avuselelekayo ezidumileyo kwihlabathi liphela iMasdar kunye neSiemens Energy Company ukuphuhlisa nokuvelisa isityalo sokubonisa ihydrogen eluhlaza ukuze kugcinwe ipetroli yeenqwelo moya e-Abu Dhabi, kunye nokukhuthaza ukwenzeka kwezorhwebo kwehydrogen eluhlaza njengepetroli efunekayo yokususa icarbonization kwixesha elizayo. NgoMatshi, iTotal Energy ityikitye isivumelwano neDaimler Trucks Co., Ltd. ukuphuhlisa kunye inkqubo yokuthutha indalo kwiilori ezinzima ezisebenza ngehydrogen, kunye nokukhuthaza ukususa icarbonization kwezothutho lwezithuthi zendlela kwi-EU. Le nkampani iceba ukusebenzisa izikhululo zokugcwalisa ihydrogen ezifikelela kwi-150 ngokuthe ngqo okanye ngokungathanga ngqo eJamani, eNetherlands, eBelgium, eLuxembourg naseFransi ngo-2030.
UPan Yanlei, i-CEO ye-Total Energy, uthe inkampani ikulungele ukuphuhlisa i-hydrogen eluhlaza ngomlinganiselo omkhulu, kwaye ibhodi yabalawuli izimisele ukusebenzisa ukuhamba kwemali yenkampani ukukhawulezisa icebo le-hydrogen eluhlaza. Nangona kunjalo, xa kujongwa iindleko zombane, ingqwalasela yophuhliso ayizukuba seYurophu.
I-Bp ifikelele kwisivumelwano ne-Oman sokwandisa utyalo-mali olukhulu e-Oman, ukukhulisa amashishini amatsha kunye neetalente zobugcisa, ukudibanisa amandla avuselelekayo kunye ne-hydrogen eluhlaza ngokusekelwe kwishishini legesi yendalo, kunye nokukhuthaza injongo ye-Oman yamandla aphantsi kwekhabhoni. I-Bp iya kwakha nendawo ye-hydrogen yasezidolophini e-Aberdeen, eScotland, kwaye yakhe indawo yokuvelisa, ukugcina kunye nokusasaza i-hydrogen eluhlaza enokwandiswa ngezigaba ezintathu.
Iprojekthi enkulu ye-hydrogen eluhlaza yeShell yenziwe eTshayina. Le projekthi inesinye sezixhobo ezinkulu zemveliso ye-hydrogen ezivela emanzini afakwe i-electrolys kwihlabathi, ibonelela nge-hydrogen eluhlaza kwizithuthi ze-hydrogen fuel cell kwiCandelo laseZhangjiakou ngexesha le-Olimpiki yasebusika yaseBeijing ka-2022. IShell ibhengeze intsebenziswano ne-GTT France ukuphuhlisa kunye ubuchwepheshe obutsha obunokuphumeza ukuthuthwa kwe-hydrogen engamanzi, kubandakanya uyilo lokuqala lwe-hydrogen carrier. Kwinkqubo yokuguqulwa kwamandla, imfuno ye-hydrogen iya kwanda, kwaye ishishini lokuhambisa impahla kufuneka lifezekise ukuthuthwa okukhulu kwe-hydrogen engamanzi, okulungele ukusekwa kwekhonkco lokubonelela nge-hydrogen fuel elikhuphisanayo.
EMelika, iChevron kunye neIwatani babhengeze isivumelwano sokuphuhlisa kunye nokwakha izikhululo zokugcwalisa i-hydrogen ezingama-30 eCalifornia ngo-2026. I-ExxonMobil iceba ukwakha isityalo se-hydrogen esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka eBaytown Refining and Chemical Complex eTexas, kwaye kwangaxeshanye bakhe enye yeeprojekthi ezinkulu zeCCS kwihlabathi.
I-Saudi Arabia kunye ne-National Petroleum Corporation (PTT) yaseThailand ziyasebenzisana ukuphucula zibe ngamasimi e-hydrogen eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kunye ne-hydrogen eluhlaza kunye nokukhuthaza ezinye iiprojekthi zamandla acocekileyo.
Iinkampani ezinkulu zeoyile zamazwe ngamazwe ziye zakhawulezisa uphuhliso lwamandla e-hydrogen, zakhuthaza amandla e-hydrogen ukuba abe yintsimi ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo yokuguqulwa kwamandla, kwaye zinokuzisa umjikelo omtsha woguquko lwamandla.
Iinkampani zeoyile zaseYurophu zikhawulezisa ulwakhiwo lokuveliswa kwamandla amatsha
Iinkampani zeoyile zaseYurophu zinomdla wokuphuhlisa imithombo emitsha yamandla efana ne-hydrogen, i-photovoltaic kunye namandla omoya.
Urhulumente wase-US ubeke usukelo lokwakha amandla omoya angama-30 GW aselwandle ngo-2030, etsala abaphuhlisi kuquka neenkampani ezinkulu zamandla zaseYurophu ukuba bathathe inxaxheba ekubhideni. I-Total Energy iphumelele isicelo seprojekthi yamandla omoya angama-3 GW elunxwemeni lwaseNew Jersey, kwaye iceba ukuqala imveliso ngo-2028, kwaye iseke intsebenziswano yokuphuhlisa amandla omoya ahambahambayo aselwandle ngomlinganiselo omkhulu e-United States. I-Bp isayine isivumelwano neNorwegian National Oil Company ukuguqula iSouth Brooklyn Marine Terminal eNew York ibe liziko lokusebenza nokugcinwa kweshishini lamandla omoya aselwandle.
EScotland, iTotal Energy iphumelele ilungelo lokuphuhlisa iprojekthi yamandla omoya angaphandle kolwandle enomthamo we-2 GW, eya kuphuhliswa kunye neGreen Investment Group (GIG) kunye neScottish Offshore Wind Power Developer (RIDG). Kwaye i-bp EnBW iphumelele nebhidi yeprojekthi yamandla omoya angaphandle kolwandle kunxweme olusempuma lweScotland. Umthamo ocwangcisiweyo ofakiweyo yi-2.9 GW, owaneleyo ukubonelela ngombane ococekileyo kumakhaya angaphezu kwezigidi ezi-3. I-Bp ikwaceba ukusebenzisa imodeli yeshishini edibeneyo ukubonelela ngombane ococekileyo oveliswa ziifama zomoya ezingaphandle kolwandle kwinethiwekhi yokutshaja izithuthi zombane zenkampani eScotland. La mashishini mabini adibeneyo neShell Scottish Power Company nawo afumene iilayisenisi ezimbini zophuhliso lweeprojekthi zamandla omoya ahambahambayo eScotland, ezinomthamo we-5 GW iyonke.
E-Asia, i-bp iza kusebenzisana noMarubeni, umphuhlisi womoya waseJapan ongaphandle kolwandle, ukuba athathe inxaxheba ekubhideni iiprojekthi zamandla omoya ongaphandle kolwandle eJapan, kwaye iza kuseka iqela lasekuhlaleni lophuhliso lomoya ongaphandle kolwandle eTokyo. I-Shell iza kukhuthaza iprojekthi yamandla omoya ongaphandle kolwandle eyi-1.3 GW eMzantsi Korea. I-Shell ikwafumene i-Sprng Energy yase-India ngenkampani yayo yotyalo-mali lwangaphandle ephethwe ngokupheleleyo, enye yezona nkampani ziphuhlisa amandla omoya nelanga ezikhula ngokukhawuleza eIndiya. I-Shell ithe oku kuthengwa okukhulu kuyikhuthaze ukuba ibe nguvulindlela wotshintsho olupheleleyo lwamandla.
E-Australia, iShell yabhengeza ngomhla woku-1 kuFebruwari ukuba igqibile ukuthengwa kwevenkile yamandla yase-Australia iPowershop, eyandisa utyalo-mali lwayo kwiimpahla kunye neetekhnoloji ze-zero-carbon kunye ne-low-carbon e-Australia. Ngokwengxelo yekota yokuqala ka-2022, iShell ikwafumene isabelo se-49% kumphuhlisi wefama yomoya wase-Australia iZephyr Energy, kwaye iceba ukuseka ishishini lokuvelisa umbane nge-low-carbon e-Australia.
Kwicandelo lamandla elanga, iTotal Energy ithenge iSunPower, inkampani yaseMelika, nge-$250 yezigidi ukuze yandise ishishini layo lokuvelisa umbane osasazwayo eMelika. Ukongeza, iTotal iseke intsebenziswano neNippon Oil Company ukuze yandise ishishini layo lokuvelisa umbane osasazwayo eAsia.
I-Lightsource bp, inkampani edibeneyo ye-BP, inethemba lokugqiba iprojekthi enkulu yamandla elanga eyi-1 GW eFransi ngo-2026 ngenkampani engaphantsi kwayo. Le nkampani iya kusebenzisana ne-Contact Energy, enye yezona nkampani zinkulu zikarhulumente eNew Zealand, kwiiprojekthi ezininzi zamandla elanga eNew Zealand.
I-Net Zero Emission Target ikhuthaza uphuhliso lweTekhnoloji ye-CCUS/CCS
Ngokungafaniyo neenkampani zeoyile zaseYurophu, iinkampani zeoyile zaseMelika zigxila ekubanjweni, ekusetyenzisweni nasekugcinweni kwekhabhoni (CCUS) kwaye zingagxininisi kakhulu kumandla avuselelekayo afana namandla elanga kunye nokuveliswa kwamandla omoya.
Ekuqaleni konyaka, i-ExxonMobil ithembise ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni kwishishini layo lehlabathi ukuya kuthi ga kwi-zero ngo-2050, kwaye iceba ukuchitha iyonke i-$15 yeebhiliyoni kutyalo-mali lokuguqula amandla aluhlaza kwiminyaka emithandathu ezayo. Kwikota yokuqala, i-ExxonMobil ifikelele kwisigqibo sokugqibela sotyalo-mali. Kuqikelelwa ukuba iza kutyala imali eyi-400 yezigidi zeerandi ukwandisa indawo yayo yokubamba ikhabhoni eLabaki, eWyoming, eya kongeza ezinye iitoni eziyi-1.2 yezigidi kumthamo wokubamba ikhabhoni wangoku omalunga neetoni ezisi-7 zezigidi.
I-Chevron ityale imali kwi-Carbon Clean, inkampani egxile kwitekhnoloji ye-CCUS, kwaye ikwasebenzisana ne-Earth Restoration Foundation ukuphuhlisa iihektare ezingama-8,800 zehlathi le-carbon dink eLouisiana njengeprojekthi yayo yokuqala ye-carbon offset. I-Chevron ikwajoyine i-Global Maritime Decarburization Center (GCMD), kwaye yasebenza ngokusondeleyo kwitekhnoloji yokubamba amafutha kunye ne-carbon kwixesha elizayo ukukhuthaza imboni yokuhambisa imithwalo ukuze kufezekiswe injongo engenamsebenzi. NgoMeyi, i-Chevron yasayina isivumelwano sokusebenzisana ne-Tallas Energy Company ukuseta i-joint venture yokuphuhlisa ——i-Bayou Bend CCS, iziko le-CCS eliselunxwemeni eTexas.
Kutshanje, iChevron kunye neExxonMobil ngokulandelelanayo zisayine izivumelwano nenkampani yeoyile yesizwe yaseIndonesia (iPertamina) ukuze zihlolisise amathuba oshishino olusebenzisa ikhabhoni encinci eIndonesia.
Uvavanyo lwe-3D lwe-Total Energy kwimizi-mveliso lubonisa inkqubo entsha yokubamba ikharbon diokside kwimisebenzi yemizi-mveliso. Le projekthi eseDunkirk ijolise ekuqinisekiseni izisombululo zobuchwepheshe bokubamba ikharbon ephinda ivele kwaye linyathelo elibalulekileyo ekususeni ikharbon.
I-CCUS yenye yeendlela zobuchwepheshe eziphambili zokujongana notshintsho lwemozulu kwihlabathi liphela kwaye iyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yezisombululo zemozulu kwihlabathi liphela. Amazwe kwihlabathi liphela asebenzisa obu buchwepheshe ngendlela entsha ukudala amathuba ophuhliso loqoqosho olutsha lwamandla.
Ukongeza, ngo-2022, iTotal Energy nayo yenze imizamo yokufumana amafutha eenqwelo moya azinzileyo (i-SAF), kwaye iqonga layo laseNormandy liqalise ngempumelelo ukuvelisa i-SAF. Le nkampani ikwasebenzisana neNippon Oil Company ukuvelisa i-SAF.
Njengendlela ebalulekileyo yokuguqula i-carbon ephantsi ngokuthenga iinkampani zeoyile zamazwe ngamazwe, iTotal yongeze i-4 GW yamandla avuselelekayo ngokuthenga i-American Core Solar. I-Chevron ibhengeze ukuba iza kuthenga i-REG, iqela lamandla avuselelekayo, nge-$3.15 yeebhiliyoni, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe yeyona bhejo inkulu kumandla ahlukileyo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku.
Imeko enzima yamazwe ngamazwe kunye nemeko yobhubhane ayimisanga isantya sokuguqulwa kwamandla kwiinkampani ezinkulu zeoyile zamazwe ngamazwe. I-"World Energy Transformation Outlook 2022" ibika ukuba utshintsho lwamandla lwehlabathi luye lwenza inkqubela phambili. Ijongene neenkxalabo zoluntu, abaninizabelo, njl. kunye nembuyekezo ekhulayo kutyalo-mali kumandla amatsha, utshintsho lwamandla kwiinkampani ezinkulu zeoyile zamazwe ngamazwe luqhubeka ngokuthe chu ngelixa kuqinisekiswa ukhuseleko lwexesha elide lwamandla kunye nobonelelo lwezinto eziluhlaza.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Julayi-04-2022